WP_DEBUG is set to false by default. If you set it to true then you will see PHP notices, if there are any.
If WP_DEBUG is set to false in your ‘wp-config.php’ file and you still see PHP notices then there must be a server setting that is overriding the WordPress setting. You should contact your web host about this because it is not a theme related issue.
The only [blog] shortcode attribute that is required is the category
attribute. For example…
[blog category=""]
The above shortcode will output a paginated list of all posts using default values for all the other attributes.
If you see PHP notices when you use that shortcode then it means either WP_DEBUG is set to true, or your server is doing the equivalent. Either way it is not a theme issue.